Proses Penempelan & PMR

Masa aku dok tgk2 gmbr anak aku, tiba2 aku teringat zaman form 3. Dalam Subjek Sains, ada tajuk Sistem Pembiakan Manusia. Cikgu Maznah (cikgu Sains aku yang cantik molek walaupun anak 5 masa tu) kata : setiap thn,boys mmg selalu score dalam tajuk ni, tp abis tajuk ni, depa yang ke belakang sekali.

Mmg majoriti budak lelaki kelas aku dapat 90++ waktu tu. haha. Biasala, sifat ingin tahu. Jadi kali ni, biar aku paste topik yang pernah membuatkan aku score 98%. Mantoppp!

(Kepada My baby : i miss u)

Persenyawaan gamet jantan dan gamet betina
Semasa berlakunya persetubuhan, sperma di dalam testis akan bergerak ke uretra melalui duktus sperma. Vesikel semen pula akan merembeskan cecair semen. Cecair semen mengandungi nutrien bagi membekalkan tenaga kepada sperma. Di samping itu, ia juga menyediakan medium bagi membolehkan sperma berenang. Campuran cecair semen dan sperma dinamakan semen (air mani).

Pengecutan otot zakar akan memancutkan semen ke dalam faraj. Ketika semen memasuki faraj, berjuta-juta semen akan berenang memasuki uterus melalui satu bukaan dipanggil serviks. Berjuta-juta sperma yang lemah akan mati sebelum sampai ke uterus. Sperma yang sampai ke uterus akan memasuki tiub Fallopio. Hanya lebih kurang 400 sperma sahaja berjaya memasuki kawasan ini.

Sekiranya terdapat ovum di dalam tiub Fallopio, sperma-sperma ini akan cuba menembusi ovum tetapi hanya satu sperma sahaja yang berjaya melepaskan nukelusnya ke dalam ovum. Nukleus sperma akan bercantum dengan nukleus ovum.

Hanya bahagian kepala sperma sahaja yang berjaya menembusi membran ovum manakala leher dan ekornya tertinggal di luar.

Percantuman sperma dengan ovum akan membentuk zigot. Proses ini dinamakan persenyawaan.

Penempelan Zigot
Dalam tempoh 3 hingga 4 jam selepas persenyawaan, zigot akan bergerak di dalam tiub Fallopio (oviduktus) menuju ke uterus sambil menjalani pembahagian mitosis berulang. Ia mengambil masa lebih kurang 7 hari untuk tiba di uterus.

Apabila zigot tiba di dinding uterus, ia telah membentuk morula (bebola yang mengandungi 16 sel). Pembahagian diteruskan dan menghasilkan blastosista. Blastosista kemudian akan menempel ke dinding uterus. Bahagian dinding blastosista yang tebal akan membentuk embrio. Bahagian luar blastosista akan membentuk unjuran-unjuran bagi menyerap nutrien dari dinding uterus (unjuran ini nanti akan membentuk plasenta). Pembahagian blastosista berterusan sehingga menjadi lebih kurang 100 sel dan ini dinamakan embrio.

Proses di mana embrio melekatkan diri pada dinding uterus melalui plasenta dinamakan penempelan.

Perkembangan Embrio

Plasenta berhubung dengan embrio melalui tali pusat. Plasenta kaya dengan kapilari darah. Makanan dan oksigen daripada ibu dihantar kepada embrio melalui plasenta ini. Bahan buangan seperti urea dan karbon dioksida disingkirkan oleh embrio juga melalui plasenta untuk dikumuhkan oleh ibu.

Sistem peredaran darah embrio terpisah daripada sistem peredaran darah ibu.

Bagi mengelakkan sebarang kecederaan fizikal, gegaran atau renjatan kepada embrio, ia dilindungi dalam satu pundi yang berisi bendalir amnion.

Lebih kurang minggu ke-8, embrio telah kelihatan seperti manusia dan jantinanya juga boleh dikenalpasti. Pada waktu ini, embrio dipanggil fetus. Fetus akan terus berkembang dan membentuk seperti bayi yang dilahirkan. Apabila ia sudah bersedia untuk dilahirkan, fetus akan berpusing supaya kepalanya menghala ke arah faraj.

Pada kebiasaannya, tempoh daripada persenyawaan sehingga bayi dilahirkan mengambil masa lebih kurang 9 bulan 10 hari. Tempoh ini dinamakan tempoh kehamilan.

Perkembangan Lengkap Embrio Dalam Tempoh 50 Hari

Kelahiran Bayi
Apabila tiba waktu untuk bayi dilahirkan, otot-otot pada dinding uterus akan mengecut dan mengendur secara berirama. Semakin hampir waktu untuk bersalin, pengecutan dan pengenduran otot dinding uterus menjadi semakin kerap. Kesakitan yang dialami oleh ibu-ibu yang akan bersalin disebabkan oleh pengecutan dan pengenduran otot pada dinding uterus ini.

Pergerakan otot yang semakin kerap menyebabkan pundi yang mengandungi bendalir amnion pecah. Serviks mulai terbuka dan otot-otot pada abdomen dan diafragma turut mengecut bagi menolak bayi ke faraj melalui serviks.

Pergerakan otot pada dinding uterus juga menyebabkan plasenta tertanggal. Fetus yang dilahirkan dinamakan bayi.

GROWING OLDER IS MANDATORY. GROWING UP IS OPTIONAL

The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder.

I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady ...beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being..

She said, 'Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?'

I laughed and enthusiastically responded, 'Of course you may!' and she gave me a giant squeeze..

'Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?' I asked.

She jokingly replied, 'I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, and have a couple of kids...'

'No seriously,' I asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age.

'I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one!' she told me.

After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake.

We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always mesmerized listening to this 'time machine' as she shared her wisdom and experience with me..

Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she revelled in the attention bestowed upon her from the other students. She was living it up.

At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet I'll never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium. As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three by five cards on the floor.

Frustrated and a little embarrassed she leaned into the microphone and simply said, 'I'm sorry I'm so jittery. I gave up beer for Lent and this whiskey is killing me! I'll never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.'

As we laughed she cleared her throat and began, ' We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing.

There are only four secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humour every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die.

We have so many people walking around who are dead and don't even know it!

There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up.

If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing, you will turn twenty years old. If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty-eight.

Anybody! Can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. Have no regrets.

The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets..'

She concluded her speech by courageously singing 'The Rose.'

She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives. At the year's end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those months ago.

One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be all you can possibly be.

When you finish reading this, please send this peaceful word of advice to your friends and family, they'll really enjoy it!

These words have been passed along in loving memory of ROSE.

REMEMBER, GROWING OLDER IS MANDATORY. GROWING UP IS OPTIONAL. We make a Living by what we get. We make a Life by what we give.

PKSR 2 MATHEMATICS YEAR 3

PKSR 2
MATHEMATICS YEAR 3
PAPER 1

Name : _____________________________________ Year : _____

This question paper consists of 40 questions. Answer all questions.


“ Four thousand seven hundred and ten “ in numerals is
A 4710 C 4170
B 4701 D 4017

4004 + 5512 + 123 =
A 9639 C 9839
B 9739 D 9939

6004 - 5112 - 123 =
A 639 C 839
B 739 D 939

The sum of 3000 and 2234 is
A 5234 C 3234
B 5324 D 3243

7 multiplied by 6 equals
A 42 C 13
B 49 D 35

64 divided by 8 equals
A 8 C 6
B 7 D 9

5 x 8 =
A 32 C 40
B 48 D 48

524 ÷ 4 =
A 131 C 133
B 130 D 528

What is the product of 165 and 2?
A 330 C 340
B 430 D 350



One quarter is equals to
A 3/4 C 1/3

B 1/4 D 1/2

1/3 has the same value as

A 2/3 C 2/6

B 2/4 D 2/9

9999 sen =
A RM 99 C RM 99.99
B RM 9.99 D RM 9999

RM 66.00 – RM 1.15 =
A 65.95 C RM 64.85
B 65.75 D RM 63.85

Find the total of RM 67.40 and 14.65 .
A RM 82.05 C RM 81.05
B RM 82.15 D RM 72.05

Quarter to nine in the morning.
A 9:15 a.m. C 9:30 a.m.
B 8:45 a.m. D 8:15 a.m.

4 weeks equal to
A 7 days C 14 days
B 21 days D 28 days

112 minutes ÷ 7 =
A 17 minutes C 15 minutes
B 16 minutes D 119 minutes

1600 cm =
A 160 m C 1600 m
B 16 m D 16 cm

1 m 20 cm =
A 12 cm C 120 cm
B 1.20 cm D 0.12 cm



2 m – 1m =
A 1 cm C 10 cm
B 100 cm D 0.01 cm

10 cm x 5 =
A 55 cm C 50 cm
B 500 cm D 550 cm

384 m ÷ 6 =
A 65 m C 66 m
B 63 m D 64 m

20 000 g =
A 2 000 kg C 20 kg
B 200 kg D 2 kg

16 kg =
A 160 g C 1 600 g
B 16 g D 16 000 g

100 g + 150 g + 320 g =
A 570 g C 580 g
B 560 g D 590 g

2 kg – 1 kg =
A 10 g C 1 000 g
B 100 g D 10 000 g

93 kg x 7 =
A 650 kg C 651 kg
B 560 kg D 561 kg

637 g ÷ 7 =
A 90 kg C 91 kg
B 80 kg D 81 kg

8 000 ml =
A 8 l C 80 l
B 800 l D 8 000 l

2 430 ml
A 2 l 340 ml C 2 l 430 ml
B 24 l 30 ml D 24 l 300 ml

What is the different between 8 192 ml and 4 442 ml ?
A 3 500 ml C 4 000 ml
B 3 750 ml D 4 250 ml

A pyramid has ___ vertices.
A 4 C 6
B 5 D 7

All these solids have vertices except
A pyramid C cone
B sphere D cuboid

This 2-D shape has the most edges.
A Heptagon C Octagon
B Hexagon D Pentagon

Arshavin buys 6 packets of ballons. Each packet has 8 ballons. Find the total number of ballons.
A 42 C 48
B 40 D 56

Ronaldo bakes 9 cakes each time in the oven. How many cakes will Ronaldo have if he uses the oven for 8 times?
A 64 C 48
B 56 D 72

Beckham made 16 burgers. He put 8 burgers in a container. How many container does she need to fill in all the burgers?
A 1 C 3
B 2 D 4

Kaka takes 7 hours to paint his two rooms and another 2 hours to paint the kitchen. Find the different in time taken to do the two jobs?
A 6 hours C 9 hours
B 5 hours D 14 hours

A book is 30 g. Raul has 7 books. What is the total mass of the books he has?
A 100 g C 220 g
B 200 g D 210 g

Robinho spends RM 79.35 to buy a pair of socks and shoes. The socks cost RM 15.95. How much does the shoes cost ?
A RM 63.40 C RM 95.30
B RM 64.30 D RM 93.50



~All the best~

Soalan PJK Tahun Dua

(Gambarajah adalah merujuk kepada soalan 5 dan 15)



PKSR 2 2010
PENDIDIKAN KESIHATAN


Nama : _______________________________ Kelas : _____
Jawab semua soalan.
Pilih dan bulatkan jawapan yang betul dan terbaik.

1. Daya tahan kardiovaskular ialah untuk mengukur keupayaan.............
A. Jantung dan sistem darah berfungsi dengan baik
B. Paru-paru bernafas
C. Pundi kencing
D. Buah pinggang mencuci darah

2. Paru-paru ialah organ..................................
A. Pembiakan
B. Pernafasan
C. Mengepam darah
D. Mengalirkan darah

3. Bapa Fatin menerima khabar dari kampung tentang kematian datuknya. Apakah perasaan bapa Fatin?
A. Gembira C. Sedih
B. Kasihan D. Suka

4. Alif bersama bapa dan adiknya................................di taman pada setiap petang untuk mengisi masa lapang dan menjaga kesihatan.

A. melompat
B. tidur
C. berbual-bual
D. berjoging


5. Gambar rajah di atas menunjukkan seorang murid sedang melakukan
aktiviti.................
A. Meleding ke sisi
B. Melentik aksi kucing
C. Melentik ke belakang
D. Membongkok ke hadapan

6. Kita perlu memakai.......................................ketika melakukan aktiviti lasak seperti menunggang basikal dan mendaki gunung.
A. Alat keselamatan diri yang lengkap
B. Pakaian yang longgar dan topi
C. Topi dan tali pinggang
D. Kasut dan pad siku

7. Fauzan telah melakukan beberapa aktiviti imbangan.Antara berikut yang
manakah bukan aktiviti imbangan...

A. Dirian bangau
B. Lompat ketingting
C. Dirian skala
D. Turun naik tangga

8. Aktiviti.....................................dapat meningkatkan daya tahan
kardiovaskular.
A. makan
B. lari ulang alik
C. tidur
D. duduk

9. Beckham.............................dan.............................untuk menjaga kebersihan diri daripada dijangkiti penyakit.
A.membasuh.....mengemas pakaian
B. makan.....minum
C. menyapu ...menyimpan sampah
D. mengelap...membungkus kasut

10. Ronaldo membuat kad ucapan Hari Guru untuk diberikan kepada Cikgu Usop sebagai tanda...................................atas jasa beliau.
A. selamat hari lahir
B. terima kasih
C. semoga cepat sembuh
D. semoga berjaya

11. Bermain piring terbang memerlukan kemahiran koordinasi................
A. membaling dan melompat
B. membaling dan terbang
C. membaling dan menyambut
D. membaling dan berlari

12.Sampah- sarap boleh menjejaskan persekitaran.Nyamuk aedes boleh
membiak dan menyebabkan penyakit.................................
A. malaria
B. taun
C. cirit-birit
D. denggi

13. ....................................ialah keupayaan seseorang bergerak dengan
pantas sambil bertukar arah seperti permainan bola beracun.
A. Imbangan
B. Kelenturan
C. Ketangkasan
D. Pergerakan lurus

14. Kita seharusnya minum air sekurang-kurangnya ………. gelas sehari.
A. lima
B. enam
C. tujuh
D. lapan


15. Apakah nama pergerakan di atas?
A. Terus berguling dan bersedia untuk mendarat.
B. Rebahkan badan ke sisi dan berguling seperti tenggiling.
C. Guling badan dengan kaki lurus ke atas.
D. Melompat seperti katak.

16. Meleret dan menahan bola kecil merupakan pergerakan asas ……………
A. bukan lokomotor.
B. lokomotor.
C. manipulasi alatan.
D. manipulasi alatan dan bukan lokomotor.

17. Alatan yang digunakan dalam aktiviti menghantar dan menyambut
pundi kacang ialah………………………..
A. bola kecil. C. pundi kacang
B. gelung rotan. D. bola besar

18. Ketika pulang dari sekolah Ahmad telah di kejar oleh seekor anjing.Antara berikut manakah aktiviti transisi lapan daya asas
yang betul.
A. Lari pecut – lejang dan radak.
B. Melompat parit – pegun.
C. Berdiri tegak – serta merta.
D. Memanjat pokok –kawal lambat

19. Aktiviti kesenggangan dapat mengeratkan hubungan diantara ahli
keluarga.Aktiviti berikut dapat dilakukan di rumah kecuali
A. Bermain catur.
B. Bermain congkak.
C. Menyiram dan menjaga pokok bunga.
D. Bermain basikal air

20. Memakan makanan yang tidak berkhasiat menyebabkan tubuh
kita lesu. Antara berikut yang manakah makanan yang tidak berkhasiat.
A. Sandwic.
B. Nasi lemak.
C. Ais krim
D. Buah pisang

21. Aktiviti jalan beruang merupakan salah satu daripada lakuan daya
asas.Bagaimanakah cara pergerakan tersebut dilakukan.
A. Pulaskan badan ke kiri dan ke kanan.
B. Tekan kedua-dua belah tapak tangan.
C. Merenjis keudara dengan menggunakan tangan.
D. Mencecah dengan menggunakan kedua-dua hujung jari kaki.

22. .……………… ialah organ yang mengepam darah ke seluruh tubuh.
A. Paru-paru
B. Buah pinggang
C. Jantung
D. Tengkorak

23. Kita perlu memakai........................... setiap kali menggunakan
pengangkutan air.
A. Jejantas
B. Jaket keselamatan
C. Laluan zebra
D. Lampu isyarat

24. Berikut adalah antara kesan penyalahgunaan dadah kecuali
A. Kemurungan
B. Khayal
C. Penyakit kulit
D. Gigi patah

25. Di antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakahbukan cara
pengendalian makanan yang betul dan selamat ?
A. Buah-buahan tidak perlu dibasuh terlebih dahulu sebelum dimakan.
B. Basuh tangan sebelum menyediakan makanan.
C. Gunakan penyepit, sudu atau garfu semasa mengambil makanan.
D. Tudung makanan yang telah dimasak

~Good luck~2010~

PKSR Pendidikan Moral Tahun 4

PKSR 2 / 2009
Pendidikan Moral


Nama : _____________________________________ Kelas : _____

Bulatkan jawapan yang betul dan tepat.

1. Kita hendaklah sentiasa berpakaian …..
A baru C kotor
B comot D bersih

2. Antara berikut, yang manakah bukan cara untuk meminta maaf?
A Melafazkan kata-kata memohon maaf
B Bersalaman sambil memohon maaf
C Menghantar kad untuk memohon maaf
D Membayar wang untuk memohon maaf

3. Ucapkanlah _________ apabila rakan kita mendapat sesuatu berita buruk.
A tahniah C takziah
B selamat pagi D Malaysia boleh

4. Kita perlu minum sekurang-kurangnya ______ gelas air sehari.
A lima C tujuh
B enam D lapan

5. Mengapakah sumber alam patut dikekalkan?
A Melambangkan kejayaan
B Mendatangkan keseronokan
C Menjana kehidupan manusia dan hidupan lain
D Menjana kemiskinan rakyat

6. Apakah sumber alam yang boleh diperbaharui?
A Air C Petroleum
B Tembaga D Bijih besi

7. Kita hendaklah ________ pendapat rakan kita.
A memuji-muji C menentang
B menghina D menghormati

8. Apakah sikap yang dapat membantu mengukuhkan nilai persahabatan dalam pergaulan?
A Menghormati rakan-rakan ketika guru di dalam kelas sahaja
B Menghina rakan-rakan apabila tiba masanya
C Menganiayai rakan apabila berkesempatan
D Hormat-menghormati antara satu sama lain

9. Mengapakah terdapat batasan apabila bergaul antara lelaki dan perempuan?
A Untuk bermusuh-musuhan
B Kerana murid lelaki nakal
C Kerana murid perempuan suka menangis
D Untuk membentuk tingkah laku yang mulia

10. Perbutan atau tingkah laku yang biadap atau tidak sopan patut
A dipuji
B dihormati
C diberi tabik hormat
D dihentikan dan diubah

Untuk soalan 11 hingga solan 20, bulatkan jawapan yang betul.

Encik Jinggel dan Encik Izat hidup __(11)__ di Taman Jaya. Anak- anak mereka __(12)__ baik. Anak-anak mereka __(13) __ di Sekolah Kebangsaan Kuala Baram. Mereka sering __(14) __ sekiranya mempunyai masalah semasa mengulangkaji pelajaran. Anak-anak mereka juga sering __(15)__ bersama-sama di taman permainan berdekatan. Encik Jinggel dan Encik Izat sangat __ (16) __ melihat persahabatan yang __(17)__ anak-anak mereka itu.
Hubungan keluarga Encik Jinggel dan Encik Izat __ (18) __ erat. Mereka hidup dengan __ (19) __ dan saling membantu sekiranya berlaku sebarang masalah, bak kata pepatah __ (20) __ membawa berkat.

11. A berjauhan C bermusuhan
B berjiran D bergandingan

12. A berkawan C berjiran
B bermusuhan D bergaduh

13. A belajar C bersukaria
B bermain D berkebun

14. A tolong-menolong C bercerai-berai
B bergotong-royong D tiru-meniru

15. A bergaduh C bersukaria
B bermain D berkebun

16. A gembira C mengantuk
B letih D sakit hati

17. A busuk C kusut
B erat D manja

18. A terjalin C termakan
B terbelit D ternakan

19. A harmoni C senyap
B pecah-belah D bising

20. A perpaduan C sepakat
B bersatu D pakatan

Untuk soalan 21 hingga soalan 30, tuliskan sama ada pernyataan di bawah ‘BETUL’ atau ‘SALAH’.


21. Kita perlu melakukan sesuatu kerja secara sambil lewa………………...

22. Sebagai anak yang baik, kita perlu menjaga maruah keluarga...............

23. Kejayaan pasti dicapai jika kita rajin berusaha……………………………..


24. Perasaan cinta akan Negara boleh ditunjukkan melalui semangat
patriotik……………………………………………………………………………...

25. Kita digalakkan menconteng dinding tandas sekolah supaya
kelihatan cantik. …………………………………………………………………...

26 Beckham memberitahu dan meminta izin ibunya sebelum pergi
bermain……………………………………………………………………………..

27. Malaysia masih mengamalkan sistem pemerintahan raja
berperlembagaan………………………………………………………………..


28. Lau Tong Huat tidak malu mengakui akan kesilapan sendiri……………..

29. Yang di-Pertuan Agong dilantik secara bergilir-gilir dari kalangan
sultan atau raja. ………………………………………………………………


30. Jinggel berpura-pura sakit agar dapat pulang awal dari sekolah.


Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul.

Nenek datuk menggosok mementingkan tolak-ansur



31. Tidur tanpa ________________ gigi ialah amalan yang tidak baik.
32. Ibu kepada emak ialah _________________ .
33. Ayah kepada bapa kita ialah __________________.
34. Sikap __________________ diri sendiri tidak akan mendatangkan faedah.
35. Sikap _________________ antara adik-beradik dapat menjamin keharmonian hidup sekeluarga.


Lengkapkan prinsip-prinsip Rukun Negara di bawah:

Kesopanan Kedaulatan Keluhuran Kesetiaan Kepercayaan


36. __________________ kepada Tuhan.
37. __________________ kepada Raja dan Negara.
38. __________________ Perlembagaan.
39. __________________ Undang-undang.
40. __________________ dan kesusilaan .








Selamat Menjawab

Raul Gonzalez Blanco

Raul Gonzalez Blanco made his debut before the demanding Bernabeu crowd on a cold November night, back in 1994. Sixty minutes of sheer talent and an innate sense of the game from that skinny 17-year-old were enough for us socios to see him win a penalty, assist Ivan Zamorano and send a cracking shot into the top left-hand corner. If that was not enough, his seemingly endless bag of tricks looked stunning. As though trying to hide his rojiblanco past, Raul had just single-handedly demolished Atletico de Madrid in his first match in La Castellana.

Raul was given an emotional send-off at the Bernabeu in July

GettyImages

Raul was given an emotional send-off at the Bernabeu in July

Once the game was over, the general opinion among my neighbours in the hardly trendy Upper Deck was almost unanimous: the kid's a wonder, but needs to be handled with care to avoid jeopardising his future. I was shocked. Shouldn't this kid start every single match? "No way," replied Mateo, from his 20+ years of Bernabeu experience. "His body won't be able to take the punishment, or it'll end up shortening his career."

The rest, as you know, is football history. Raul went on to play 742 official matches for Real Madrid, scoring 325 goals, winning six La Liga titles, three Champions League finals - scoring in two of them - and two Intercontinental Cups, again scoring the winner in one of them.

He also earned 102 caps and scored 44 goals for the Spanish national team, although he painfully failed to lead his country to success in international tournaments. In fact, Spain's unprecedented winning streak since he was exiled makes one believe that 'The Ewing Theory', as defined by Bill Simmons and Dave Cirili, should indeed be renamed 'The Raul Theory'. Incidentally, this theory also explains the curious phenomena experienced by Valencia this season, after their two most renowned players left, captured by Phil Ball in his most recent article.

Going back to Raul, and despite his overwhelming statistics, I still believe that Mateo was right. During the latter half of his career, Raul's body started to show the effects of the excessive number of top-level matches played at such a tender age. The formerly ubiquitous forward lost the extra step that had previously ensured so many decisive goals for both club and country. From his mid-20s onwards, Raul started to live off his extraordinary sense of the game and his long top-flight experience.

The sharp decrease of his scoring in do-or-die matches was probably the most telling sign of his physical decline. The player who once relished finishing off Barcelona, Manchester United or Juventus saw his club exit the Champions League in the early knock-out stages for six consecutive years, while other Real Madrid players scored the key goals that took the club to two consecutive La Liga titles.

For the best part of his career, Raul embodied the dream of the Real Madrid fan of old: a home-grown player (at least since he was 13), who understood what the club meant to their supporters, killed himself on the pitch, led by example and always showed up for big matches. Those same socios who religiously followed the youth teams and wanted to avoid the early burn-out of a potential star had found their saviour - their new number '7'.

Raul's 15 seasons with Real Madrid span the radical transformation of the club from local, traditional and poorly managed sports entity to global marketing giant. When el siete joined the first team, you could buy a €10 ticket, jump over a couple of defective fences and sit in a €60 one. After years pulling the aforementioned trick match after match, this columnist became a socio at the beginning of 1994 just by purchasing season tickets, available at an amazingly low price. You could hardly find the official shirt anywhere in the city, let alone the country or the rest of the world. The stadium did not have a shop. The incredible collection of trophies carelessly sat in a completely inadequate space, much smaller than my tiny one-bedroom apartment. My neighbours in the stadium constantly joked about the most likely date for a real refurbishment of the Bernabeu; 2050 was the consensus.

While scoring goals and winning trophies, Raul witnessed the advent of a new era, in both the sporting and the business sectors, and couldn't prevent their subsequent mixture, or rather confusion. Zidanes and Pavones, Galacticos and other similar football philosophies had an umbilical relationship with the new, nonnegotiable marketing orientation of the club, an otherwise logical consequence of the new financial context worldwide.

You can't argue too much with the positives of this transformation: the stadium, after not one but several refurbishments, now looks stunning; the club learned how to profit from previously unexplored revenue sources; matches are systematically sold out, while you can't get season tickets unless you wait until ... yes, 2050; and Real Madrid own the most valuable European football brand, according to Brand Finance.

But obviously there's a price to pay, and regardless of other minor issues, that bill has come in the shape of a blatant loss of the values that characterised that Real Madrid club which Raul joined in 1994. Not to steal from Nick Hornby, but the fact is that the Mateos of old, who followed the youth teams and cared about the correct development of the younger players, have been replaced with less knowledgeable, edgy suits who demand that new signings make an immediate impact and can't entertain the idea of a player maturing over a period of time that might last more than two matches, let alone full seasons.

Now homegrown players are rarely promoted to the senior side, which apparently justifies the constant signing and firing of foreign players who don't have the chance to prove themselves over a reasonable period of time either.

Cristiano Ronaldo represents a new era and a new attitude at Real Madrid

GettyImages

Cristiano Ronaldo represents a new era and a new attitude at Real Madrid

As all these changes happened, Raul looked more and more like the icon of a previous era. After his move to Germany at the end of the summer, Real Madrid's No. 7 shirt had a brand new owner. CR7, an unquestionable sign of the times, has an impressive work ethic, is a global brand in himself, but spends matches frowning at team-mates who take too long to give him the ball, waving arms in disgust when his fellow forwards don't see him open or kicking the grass in frustration because the ball doesn't arrive exactly where he wants it. His impatience is a faultless reflection of the new madridistas, who demand a perfect show every single night.

Earlier this season I was watching Barcelona at my friend's place. After an impressive build-up, Messi scored with ease, which prompted my friend's six-year-old kid, already brainwashed into the new meringue way of doing things, to say: "How come we haven't bought him yet?"

And remembering about Mateo and his mates that cold night at the Bernabeu back in 1994, and comparing their views to that of my friend's son, or picturing that old, cosy, precarious stadium and looking at the current state-of-the-art version, or even taking a look at the picture of Raul tasting Champions League glory in 1998 next to a shot of CR7 after scoring at the Anoeta, I'll use a sentence from a former boss to conclude that Real Madrid are indeed moving, but they would do well to make sure it's forward.

Legend at the Bernabeu : Raul

no 7 in our programme, no 1 in our heart. gudbye n all the best to Raul.

Just two weeks after Andres Iniesta’s extra-time goal saw Spain crowned as the finest footballing nation on the planet, one of their finest ever players - Raul - ended an era at the Bernabeu.

Imagining Real Madrid without Raul is like picturing the New York skyline without the Empire State Building. The man defined the club he represented for 16 years and one of Jose Mourinho’s first challenges in Madrid will be to recapture the chunk of identity Raul (and fellow veteran Guti) took with them as the doors of the Bernabeu closed behind them for the final time.

Raul won more than he ever could have imagined with Los Blancos and still tops the all-time Champions League scoring charts with 66 goals. So it couldn’t have been easy for the Spanish icon to accept that his inevitable decline would coincide with Spain’s emergence as a superpower.

The sumptuous tiki-taka style that saw Vicente del Bosque’s side confirm their status as the world’s best, relies on a David Villa or a Fernando Torres to convert the chances Xavi and Iniesta craft from deeper areas of the pitch. But even in a system so apparently perfect, it’s difficult to imagine that Raul at his peak wouldn’t have added something extra, something different. But, of course, this is something we’ll never know.

Raul still managed an exceptional 44 goals in 102 games for Spain throughout a barren period when, despite possessing able players, they were never genuine challengers for trophies. So, it was in the Champions League and La Liga that Raul went about his business of destroying defences and beating goalkeepers. Something he achieved 323 times.

Raul once cited the predatory instincts of Gary Lineker as his inspiration and, after making his debut as a skinny 17-year-old, the Spaniard begun the work of emulating his hero. But it was against Lineker’s former side, Barcelona, in a vintage episode of the El Clasico in 1999 that Raul demonstrated his lethal presence in front of goal, creating a symbolic moment in the process.

Despite Raul’s early goal, Real Madrid were trailing 2-1 in Camp Nou. With five minutes to go, Raul collected a piercing through ball from Javier Saviola before exquisitely lifting it over the rushing ‘keeper and into the Barcelona net. The Nou Camp fell deafly silent and, after kissing his wedding ring in tribute to his wife, he suggested the Catalan fans remained quiet by running in front of the main stand with his finger on his lips.

But Raul was always respectful to friends and foes and, in his last ever Real Madrid press conference on Monday, he admitted that another Barcelona player, Pep Guardiola, was the opponent he respected the most.

“My favourite opponent was Guardiola. You tell when he was playing that he was the manager as well. I used to think how could he talk so much and play so well,” Raul said. “And it was he who gave me my assist for my first goal for Spain.”

The highs of Raul’s career in the pristine white of Real Madrid are too many to mention, but as he continues his career in a new league - most likely the Bundesliga - Los Blancos say goodbye to a true great of the modern game. Indeed one, for his prolific service for club and country, who deserves a share in the recognition his international colleagues enjoyed earlier this month in Johannesburg.

Jose Mourinho

Born: January 26, 1963
Birthplace: Setubal, Portugal
Previous Clubs: FC Porto, Uniao de Leiria, Benfica; Chelsea; Inter Milan
Honours: Champions League: 2004, 2010; UEFA Cup: 2003; English Premier League: 2005, 2006; English FA Cup: 2007; English League Cup: 2005, 2007; FA Community Shield: 2005; Portuguese Liga: 2003, 2004; Portuguese Cup: 2003; Italian Super Cup: 2008; Italian Serie A: 2009, 2010; Italian Cup 2010

Mourinho is the self-titled 'Special One' and his rise from being a mere translator to becoming one of the best managers in the world was nothing short of meteoric. He never played professionally and had held low-profile positions at Estrela Amadora and Vitoria Setubal before taking his first high-profile role in 1992 when appointed to work under Bobby Robson at Sporting Lisbon. Mourinho initially worked as a translator, but he duly became an assistant manager when Robson moved on to FC Porto and, in three years, they clinched two titles.


The Robson-Mourinho combo then moved on to Barcelona in 1996, where they won a pair of Spanish Cups (1997 and 1998) and the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1997, but Mourinho went his own way and, after a nine game reign at Benfica, he took perennial strugglers Uniao de Leiria to a fourth-place finish and a European adventure.

FC Porto took note of the young manager's talents and snapped him up after a poor start to the 2002-03 season. The side then stormed to the league title, the domestic cup and UEFA Cup final in his first season. Almost inevitably the 2003-04 season yielded more success with Porto retaining their league title but, of course, the outstanding success was their clinching of the Champions League trophy after a 3-0 victory against Monaco and Mourinho was heralded as a genius.

When Chelsea came calling in May 2004, Mourinho jumped at the chance and guided the club to their first title in 50 years, also picking up the Carling Cup trophy. However, he also had numerous run-ins with the authorities. The most high-profile case came with the Ashley Cole 'tapping-up' affair, while he accused Swedish referee Anders Frisk of bias in the Champions League - a move that saw the official retire - and his run-ins with the press provided much amusement.

Chelsea retained their Premier League title though - Mourinho's second title in two years in England - and the club set a new English record for unbeaten league matches at home in August 2007. However, the club did not begin the new season well and Mourinho left the club 'by mutual consent' in September amid rumours of a bust-up with the boardroom thought to stem from a breakdown in his relationship with skipper John Terry.

It took until June 2008 for him to get into his new role - taking over from Roberto Mancini at Serie A giants Internazionale - but immediately showed his talent. He led the side to back-to-back Serie A titles, and a few cups as well, while in 2009-10 he brought unprecedented success to the club with the Treble of league, European and domestic cup. However, when Real Madrid came calling at the end of the season, he decided to follow his dream of managing in Spain and moved to the Bernabeu before the 2010 World Cup.

Strengths: Always willing to produce a sound-bite for the thronged media men, he is a dream for the tabloids and has a silver tongue. His tactical knowledge is second to none and he is always first to defend his players. A real man-manager.

Weaknesses: Hot-headed and passionate, he suffers from red mist occasionally and his antics can detract from the football. Accused of playing defensive, dull football to grind out results.

Career high: His first Champions League with FC Porto was an incredible achievement for such a young manager, but his Treble with Inter Milan will take some beating.

Career low: Sacked by Chelsea after failing to impress in the Champions League. Numerous controversies hurt his reputation and the Anders Frisk incident won't be forgotten.

Tactics: Mourinho likes playing with three men up front, two in the wide positions and then three in central areas. Two defensive midfielders usually provide the spine, and allow one attacker to drift. Flying full backs are also asked to provide the width.

Quotes: ''Please don't call me arrogant, but I'm European champion and I think I'm a special one"- Mourinho's first press conference at Chelsea.

Trivia: Mourinho owns a pet dog called Gullit and the Portuguese was arrested and cautioned after refusing to let police take the dog into quarantine, having let it loose to escape capture.

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till then
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Sajak 'Guru oh Guru' oleh SN Dato Usman Awang

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